12 Zamon & Murakkab Grammatika Katta Ensiklopediyasi
Har bir zamonning formulalari, o'zbekcha qiyosiy izohlari, audio misollari va interaktiv testlari!
1. Present Simple (Oddiy Hozirgi Zamon)
Darak: S + V1 (he/she/it uchun V + -s/-es/-ies)
Inkor: S + do not (don't) / does not (doesn't) + V1
So'roq: Do / Does + S + V1?
DO (I, you, we, they) / DOES (he, she, it)
-s, -es, -ies qo'shimchalari (faqat 3-shaxs birlik 'he, she, it' darak gaplarida)
- Oddiy holatda fe'lga shunchaki -s qo'shiladi: work -> works, speak -> speaks, read -> reads, live -> lives.
- Fe'l -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o bilan tugasa, -es qo'shiladi: watch -> watches, wash -> washes, go -> goes, fix -> fixes, pass -> passes, do -> does.
- Fe'l 'undosh + y' bilan tugasa, y harfi i ga aylanadi va -es qo'shiladi: study -> studies, fly -> flies, carry -> carries, try -> tries.
- Ammo 'unli + y' bilan tugasa, faqat -s qo'shiladi: play -> plays, stay -> stays, buy -> buys, enjoy -> enjoys.
- Inkor (doesn't) va so'roq (Does...?) gaplarda fe'ldan -s/-es olib tashlanadi va V1 asosiy shaklga qaytadi: 'He works' -> 'He doesn't work' -> 'Does he work?'
Present Simple quyidagi 4 ta asosiy holatda ishlatiladi: 1. Doimiy takrorlanuvchi odatlar va kun tartibi (Habits & Daily Routines): 'I wake up at 6:00 AM every morning and drink green tea.' (Men har tong 6:00 da uyg'onaman va ko'k choy ichaman). 2. Umumiy faktlar, ilmiy haqiqatlar va tabiat qonunlari (General Truths & Natural Laws): 'The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.' (Quyosh sharqdan chiqadi va g'arbga botadi). 'Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.' (Suv 0 daraja sovuqda muzlaydi). 3. Doimiy holat va vaziyatlar (Permanent Situations): 'My uncle lives in London and works as a surgeon.' (Amakim Londonda yashaydi va jarroh bo'lib ishlaydi). 4. Rasmiy jadvallar, darslar va transport qatnovi (Timetables & Schedules): 'The high-speed train leaves at 08:30 AM tomorrow.' (Tezyurar poyezd ertaga ertalab 08:30 da jo'naydi). 5. Holat fe'llari (Stative Verbs) bilan (ular davomli zamonda ishlatilmaydi): 'I know the answer.' (Men javobni bilaman - 'I am knowing' deyilmaydi).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
She manages an international marketing team with great precision.
U xalqaro marketing jamoasini katta aniqlik bilan boshqaradi.
Do you study academic vocabulary every single day?
Siz har kuni akademik so'zlarni o'rganasizmi?
Light travels faster than sound in the physical universe.
Yorug'lik fizik koinotda tovushdan tezroq harakatlanadi.
The Earth orbits around the Sun once every 365.25 days.
Yer Quyosh atrofida har 365.25 kunda bir marta aylanadi.
My brother rarely eats fast food because he prioritizes health.
Akam kamdan-kam fastfud yeydi, chunki u salomatlikni birinchi o'ringa qo'yadi.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. My sister _____ in a multinational financial corporation in Tashkent.
2. The official conference _____ promptly at 9:00 AM next Monday.
2. Present Continuous (Hozirgi Davomli Zamon)
Darak: S + am / is / are + V-ing
Inkor: S + am / is / are + NOT + V-ing
So'roq: Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing?
AM (I) / IS (he, she, it) / ARE (we, you, they)
-ing qo'shimchasi barcha shaxslarda asosiy fe'lga qo'shiladi
- Fe'l talaffuz qilinmaydigan -e bilan tugasa, -e harfi tushib qoladi: make -> making, write -> writing, take -> taking, drive -> driving.
- Fe'l bitta qisqa unli va bitta undosh bilan tugasa (CVC qoidasi), oxirgi undosh ikkilanadi: run -> running, sit -> sitting, swim -> swimming, begin -> beginning, stop -> stopping.
- Fe'l -ie bilan tugasa, -ie harflari -y ga aylanadi: lie -> lying, die -> dying, tie -> tying.
- Fe'l -y bilan tugasa, o'zgarishsiz qoladi: play -> playing, study -> studying, enjoy -> enjoying.
Present Continuous quyidagi 5 ta holatda ishlatiladi: 1. Ayni gapirilayotgan lahzada davom etayotgan harakat (Action happening now): 'Listen! The birds are singing in the garden.' (Quloq soling! Bog'da qushlar kuylamoqda). 2. Vaqtinchalik davom etayotgan jarayon (Temporary situations): 'I am staying at a hotel this week until my new apartment is ready.' (Yangi uyim tayyor bo'lguniga qadar bu hafta mehmonxonada turibman). 3. Rivojlanayotgan, o'zgarib borayotgan tendensiyalar (Changing & developing trends): 'The world is becoming increasingly interconnected through artificial intelligence.' (Dunyo sun'iy intellekt orqali tobora o'zaro bog'lanib bormoqda). 4. Aniq kelishilgan, rejalashtirilgan yaqin kelasi harakat (Definite future arrangements): 'We are meeting the lead architect at 3:00 PM tomorrow.' (Biz ertaga soat 15:00 da bosh arxitektor bilan uchrashyapmiz). 5. 'Always' bilan takrorlanib, jahlni chiqaradigan odatlar (Annoyance / Complaints): 'He is always interrupting me when I speak!' (U men gapirganimda doim gapimni bo'laveradi!).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
Our development team is currently optimizing the database for 100% security.
Dasturchilar jamoamiz ayni paytda ma'lumotlar bazasini 100% xavfsizlik uchun optimallashtirmoqda.
Global temperatures are steadily rising due to greenhouse emissions.
Issiqxona gazlari sababli global harorat muntazam ko'tarilib bormoqda.
Look! The falcon is soaring gracefully above the mountains.
Qarang! Lochin tog'lar uzra viqor bilan parvoz qilmoqda.
Why are you sitting in the dark? Let me turn on the light.
Nega qorong'ida o'tiribsiz? Chiroqni yoqib beraman.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. Look at those dark clouds! It _____ to rain heavily.
3. Present Perfect (Hozirgi Tugallangan Zamon)
Darak: S + have / has + V3 (Past Participle / -ed)
Inkor: S + have / has + NOT (haven't / hasn't) + V3
So'roq: Have / Has + S + V3?
HAVE (I, you, we, they) / HAS (he, she, it)
To'g'ri fe'llarga -ed / -d / -ied; Noto'g'ri fe'llarning 3-shakli (V3)
- To'g'ri fe'llar (Regular): work -> worked, live -> lived, study -> studied, stop -> stopped.
- Noto'g'ri fe'llar (Irregular V3): see -> seen, write -> written, go -> gone / been, take -> taken, do -> done, break -> broken, speak -> spoken, buy -> bought.
- Diqqat: 'been to' (borib kelgan) va 'gone to' (ketgan va hali qaytmagan) farqi bor: 'He has gone to Paris' (U Parijga ketgan, hozir u yerda).
Present Perfect o'tmishda sodir bo'lgan, ammo natijasi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri HOZIRGI ZAMONGA bog'liq bo'lgan holatlarda ishlatiladi: 1. Natijasi ayni paytda ko'rinib turgan harakat (Action with present visible result): 'I have lost my key.' (Men kalitimni yo'qotib qo'ydim -> natijada hozir uyga kirolmayapman). 2. Hayotiy tajriba (Life Experience - qachon bo'lgani emas, bo'lgan yoki bo'lmaganligi muhim): 'Have you ever traveled to the United Kingdom?' (Siz hech Buyuk Britaniyaga borganmisiz?). 'I have never tried sushi.' (Men hech qachon sushi yeb ko'rmaganman). 3. O'tmishda boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etayotgan harakat (*since / for* bilan): 'She has lived in Samarkand since 2015.' (U 2015 yildan beri Samarqandda yashab kelmoqda va hali ham yashaydi). 4. Yaqindagina tugallangan yangiliklar (*just, already* bilan): 'Scientists have just discovered a breakthrough medicine.' (Olimlar hozirgina inqilobiy dorini kashf etdilar).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
Our engineering department has already published five academic papers this year.
Muhandislik bo'limimiz bu yil allaqachon beshta ilmiy maqola chop etdi.
Have you completed your IELTS Reading assignment yet?
IELTS Reading topshirig'ingizni bajarib bo'ldingizmi?
She has worked at the national laboratory for over seven years.
U milliy laboratoriyada yetti yildan ortiq vaqt davomida ishlab kelmoqda.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. The research team _____ groundbreaking evidence supporting solar quantum cells.
4. Present Perfect Continuous (Hozirgi Tugallangan Davomli Zamon)
Darak: S + have / has been + V-ing
Inkor: S + have / has NOT been + V-ing
So'roq: Have / Has + S + been + V-ing?
HAVE BEEN (I, you, we, they) / HAS BEEN (he, she, it)
-ing qo'shimchasi asosiy fe'lga qo'shiladi
- Asosiy fe'lga -ing qo'shish qoidalari (make -> making, run -> running, lie -> lying) to'liq amal qiladi.
- Yordamchi fe'l tarkibidagi 'been' so'zi 'to be' fe'lining 3-shakli bo'lib, o'zgarmasdan saqlanadi.
Harakat o'tmishda boshlangan, to'xtovsiz davom etib kelgan va hozir ham davom etmoqda yoki ayni daqiqada to'xtab, uning jismoniy asorati ko'rinib turibdi: 1. Davomiylikni ta'kidlash: 'I have been studying English for four hours.' (Men to'rt soatdan beri to'xtovsiz ingliz tili o'rganyapman va hali ham davom etmoqda). 2. Natijaning sababini ko'rsatish: 'Why are your hands dirty? — I have been fixing my bicycle.' (Nega qo'llaringiz kir? — Velosipedimni tuzatayotgan edim).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
The climatologists have been monitoring polar ice melting rates since 2010.
Iqlimshunoslar 2010 yildan beri qutb muzliklarining erish tezligini kuzatib kelmoqdalar.
He has been coding the new security firewall all morning without a break.
U ertalabdan beri hech qanday tanaffussiz yangi xavfsizlik devorini kodlab kelmoqda.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. How long _____ you _____ for the international Cambridge exam?
5. Past Simple (Oddiy O'tgan Zamon)
Darak: S + V2 (-ed / irregular)
Inkor: S + did not (didn't) + V1
So'roq: Did + S + V1?
DID (barcha shaxslar uchun inkor va so'roqda)
Darak gapda: To'g'ri fe'llarga -ed / -d / -ied; Noto'g'ri fe'llarga V2
- To'g'ri fe'llar: play -> played, visit -> visited, live -> lived, study -> studied, plan -> planned (undosh ikkilanadi).
- Noto'g'ri fe'llar (Irregular V2): go -> went, see -> saw, buy -> bought, write -> wrote, speak -> spoke, take -> took.
- Diqqat: Inkor (didn't) va so'roq (Did...?) kelganda fe'l V1 ga qaytadi: 'He went' -> 'He didn't go' -> 'Did he go?'
Past Simple o'tmishda ma'lum bir aniq vaqtda to'liq boshlanib, to'liq yakunlangan harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi: 1. O'tmishdagi tugallangan fakt va voqea: 'Amir Temur built the magnificent Bibi-Khanym mosque in Samarkand.' (Amir Temur Samarqandda muhtasham Bibi-Xonim masjidini qurgan). 2. Ketma-ket sodir bo'lgan voqealar zanjiri (Sequence of events): 'He opened the door, turned on the light, and sat down at his computer.' (U eshikni ochdi, chiroqni yoqdi va kompyuter qarshisiga o'tirdi). 3. O'tmishdagi eski odat (Past habit / used to): 'When I was at school, I played chess every afternoon.' (Maktabda o'qiganimda har tushdan keyin shaxmat o'ynardim).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 by serendipity.
Aleksandr Fleming 1928 yilda penitsillinni tasodif tufayli kashf qilgan.
Did you submit your academic thesis on time last Friday?
O'tgan juma kuni ilmiy dissertatsiyangizni o'z vaqtida topshirdingizmi?
The Silk Road merchants transported silk, tea, and paper across ancient Eurasia.
Ipak Yo'li savdogarlari qadimiy Yevroosiyo bo'ylab ipak, choy va qog'oz tashiganlar.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. The historic scientific forum _____ place in Oxford two months ago.
6. Past Continuous (O'tgan Davomli Zamon)
Darak: S + was / were + V-ing
Inkor: S + was / were + NOT (wasn't / weren't) + V-ing
So'roq: Was / Were + S + V-ing?
WAS (I, he, she, it) / WERE (we, you, they)
-ing qo'shimchasi asosiy fe'lga qo'shiladi
- Fe'l talaffuz qilinmaydigan -e bilan tugasa, -e tushadi: write -> writing, drive -> driving.
- Qisqa unli + undosh bo'lsa undosh ikkilanadi: run -> running, sit -> sitting, swim -> swimming.
- Was/Were inkor shakli: was not -> wasn't, were not -> weren't.
O'tmishda ma'lum bir aniq vaqtda davom etayotgan bo'lgan harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi: 1. Aniq soatda davom etayotgan harakat: 'At 8:00 PM yesterday, I was preparing for my IELTS exam.' (Kecha soat 20:00 da men IELTS imtihoniga tayyorlanayotgan edim). 2. Uzun fon harakatini boshqa qisqa harakat bo'lib qo'yishi (*While + Past Continuous, Past Simple*): 'While I was writing my essay, the electricity suddenly went out.' (Men insho yozayotgan paytimda birdan elektr o'chib qoldi). 3. Parallel bir vaqtda davom etgan ikki harakat: 'While my brother was coding, I was studying English vocabulary.' (Akam kod yozayotgan paytda men ingliz tili lug'atini o'rganayotgan edim).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
The auditors were reviewing the financial statements when the director arrived.
Direktor yetib kelganida auditorlar moliyaviy hisobotlarni tekshirayotgan edilar.
Was it raining heavily when you left the university campus?
Universitet binosidan chiqqaningizda qattiq yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edimi?
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. What _____ you _____ at 9:00 PM yesterday evening?
7. Past Perfect (O'tgan Tugallangan Zamon)
Darak: S + had + V3 (ed)
Inkor: S + had NOT (hadn't) + V3
So'roq: Had + S + V3?
HAD (barcha shaxslar uchun yagona yordamchi)
To'g'ri fe'llarga -ed, noto'g'ri fe'llarga V3
- Barcha shaxslar (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) uchun bir xil 'had' ishlatiladi.
- Fe'lning Past Participle (V3) shakli qo'llaniladi: finish -> finished, see -> seen, write -> written, leave -> left.
Past Perfect o'tmishdagi boshqa bir o'tgan ish-harakatdan yoki aniq vaqtdan OLDINROQ sodir bo'lib bo'lgan 'O'tmishdan ham oldingi o'tmish' (Past of the Past) hisoblanadi: 1. Ketma-ketlikda oldingi harakat: 'When we arrived at the cinema, the movie had already started.' (Biz kinoteatrga yetib kelganimizda film allaqachon boshlanib bo'lgan edi -> 1-harakat: film boshlandi (had started), 2-harakat: biz keldik (arrived)). 2. 'By + o'tgan vaqt' bilan: 'By 2018, he had completed his doctorate degree.' (2018 yilga kelib u doktorlik darajasini yakunlab bo'lgan edi).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
By the time the rescue helicopter landed, the medical team had already stabilized the victims.
Qutqaruv vertolyoti qo'nguniga qadar tibbiyot jamoasi jabrlanuvchilarning holatini allaqachon barqarorlashtirib bo'lgan edi.
She had never witnessed such an impressive astronomical phenomenon before that night.
U o'sha kechaga qadar bunday hayratlanarli astronomik hodisani hech qachon ko'rmagan edi.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. By the time the manager entered the boardroom, the team _____ the entire proposal.
8. Past Perfect Continuous (O'tgan Tugallangan Davomli Zamon)
Darak: S + had been + V-ing
Inkor: S + had NOT been (hadn't been) + V-ing
So'roq: Had + S + been + V-ing?
HAD BEEN (barcha shaxslar uchun)
-ing qo'shimchasi asosiy fe'lga qo'shiladi
- 'Had been' barcha shaxslar uchun o'zgarmas yordamchi fe'l birikmasi hisoblanadi.
- Asosiy fe'lga -ing qo'shilish qoidalariga rioya qilinadi: run -> running, lie -> lying, write -> writing.
O'tmishdagi boshqa bir o'tgan voqea sodir bo'lguniga qadar ma'lum bir vaqt davomida to'xtovsiz davom etib kelgan jarayon: 'He was exhausted because he had been driving for eight hours straight.' (U juda charchagan edi, chunki u sakkiz soat davomida to'xtovsiz mashina haydab kelayotgan edi).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
The scientists had been conducting the laboratory experiment for months before they achieved the breakthrough.
Olimlar kashfiyotga erishishlaridan oldin bir necha oy davomida laboratoriya tajribasini o'tkazib kelayotgan edilar.
The roads were extremely slippery because it had been snowing all night.
Yo'llar juda sirpanchiq edi, chunki tun bo'yi qor yog'ib chiqqan edi.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. She was out of breath because she _____ for forty minutes.
9. Future Simple (Oddiy Kelasi Zamon - Will)
Darak: S + will + V1
Inkor: S + will NOT (won't) + V1
So'roq: Will + S + V1?
WILL (barcha shaxslar uchun, qisqartmasi: 'll; inkor: won't)
Asosiy fe'l o'zgarishsiz V1 boshlang'ich shaklda qoladi
- Will barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil (I will, you will, he will, she will, we will, they will).
- Inkor shakli: will not -> won't (talaffuzi: /wəʊnt/).
- Asosiy fe'lga hech qanday -s, -ed yoki -ing qo'shilmaydi: 'will go', 'will speak'.
Future Simple quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi: 1. Ayni gapirilayotgan lahzada to'satdan qabul qilingan qaror (Spontaneous decision): 'The doorbell is ringing. — I will open it.' (Eshik qo'ng'irog'i chalyapti. — Men ochaman). 2. Shaxsiy fikr va bashorat (Predictions based on opinion): 'I think autonomous electric cars will dominate the roads by 2035.' (O'ylaymanki, 2035 yilga kelib avtonom elektromobillar yo'llarda ustunlik qiladi). 3. Va'da, ogohlantirish va taklif (Promises & Offers): 'I will never share your personal data with third parties.' (Men shaxsiy ma'lumotlaringizni hech qachon uchinchi shaxslarga bermayman).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
Artificial intelligence will augment human productivity across all modern industries.
Sun'iy intellekt barcha zamonaviy sohalarda inson mehnat unumdorligini oshiradi.
Don't worry about the heavy suitcase; I will carry it for you.
Og'ir chamadon haqida tashvishlanmang; uni siz uchun men ko'tarib beraman.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. I feel a bit cold. I _____ the window right now.
10. Future Continuous (Kelasi Davomli Zamon)
Darak: S + will be + V-ing
Inkor: S + will NOT be (won't be) + V-ing
So'roq: Will + S + be + V-ing?
WILL BE (barcha shaxslar uchun)
-ing qo'shimchasi asosiy fe'lga qo'shiladi
- 'Will be' barcha shaxslar uchun bir xil qo'llanadi.
- Asosiy fe'lga -ing qo'shish qoidalari (write -> writing, fly -> flying, travel -> traveling/travelling) qo'llaniladi.
Kelajakda ma'lum bir aniq vaqtda davom etayotgan bo'ladigan ish-harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi: 'This time tomorrow, I will be flying over the Atlantic Ocean to London.' (Ertaga xuddi shu paytda men Atlantika okeani uzra Londonga uchayotgan bo'laman).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
At 3:00 PM tomorrow, our researchers will be presenting the clinical findings at the symposium.
Ertaga soat 15:00 da tadqiqotchilarimiz simpoziumda klinik natijalarni taqdim etayotgan bo'ladilar.
Will you be attending the international diplomacy keynote tomorrow afternoon?
Ertaga tushdan keyin xalqaro diplomatiya bo'yicha asosiy ma'ruzada qatnashayotgan bo'lasizmi?
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. This time next Friday, we _____ our final university exams in Tashkent.
11. Future Perfect (Kelasi Tugallangan Zamon)
Darak: S + will have + V3 (ed)
Inkor: S + will NOT have (won't have) + V3
So'roq: Will + S + have + V3?
WILL HAVE (barcha shaxslar uchun, hech qachon 'will has' bo'lmaydi!)
To'g'ri fe'llarga -ed, noto'g'ri fe'llarga V3
- 'Will have' dan keyin 3-shaxs (he/she/it) bo'lsa ham 'has' emas, doim 'have' ishlatiladi.
- Asosiy fe'lning 3-shakli (V3 / Past Participle) qo'llaniladi: complete -> completed, write -> written, construct -> constructed.
Kelajakdagi ma'lum bir muddat yoki vaqtga qadar to'liq tugallanib bo'ladigan ish-harakat: 'By the end of this year, I will have mastered 2,000 advanced IELTS words.' (Ushbu yil oxiriga kelib men 2,000 ta murakkab IELTS so'zlarini to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'laman).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
By 2035, civil engineers will have constructed zero-emission high-speed transit across the country.
2035 yilga kelib muhandislar mamlakat bo'ylab nol-emissiyali tezyurar transport tizimini to'liq qurib bo'ladilar.
By the time you return from abroad, I will have finished my master's thesis.
Siz chet eldan qaytib kelguningizcha men magistrlik dissertatsiyamni yozib tugatgan bo'laman.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. By the time the project concludes next autumn, our software architects _____ over 100 modules.
12. Future Perfect Continuous (Kelasi Tugallangan Davomli Zamon)
Darak: S + will have been + V-ing
Inkor: S + will NOT have been + V-ing
So'roq: Will + S + have been + V-ing?
WILL HAVE BEEN (barcha shaxslar uchun)
-ing qo'shimchasi asosiy fe'lga qo'shiladi
- 'Will have been' barcha shaxslar uchun o'zgarmas tarkibiy qismdir.
- Asosiy fe'lga -ing qo'shiladi: work -> working, travel -> traveling, live -> living.
Kelajakdagi ma'lum bir vaqtga yetib kelganda, harakat qancha vaqtdan beri to'xtovsiz davom etayotgan bo'lishini ta'kidlash uchun ishlatiladi: 'By November, I will have been working at this international IT academy for exactly five years.' (Noyabr oyiga kelganda men ushbu xalqaro IT akademiyasida to'liq 5 yildan beri ishlayotgan bo'laman).
🎙️ Haqiqiy Misollar & Audio Talaffuzi:
By 2028, the planetary probe will have been traveling through deep space for over a decade.
2028 yilga kelib fazoviy zond o'n yildan ortiq vaqt davomida ochiq fazo bo'ylab harakatlanayotgan bo'ladi.
By midnight, the emergency surgical team will have been operating for fourteen hours.
Yarim tungacha shoshilinch jarrohlik jamoasi o'n to'rt soatdan beri operatsiya o'tkazayotgan bo'ladi.
✍️ Amaliy Bilimni Sinash Testi (+20 XP):
1. Next July, Professor Miller _____ at Oxford University for twenty-five consecutive years.